Core Operations

In digital electronics, everything we build—from a simple LED controller to a high-performance RISC-V processor—operates on the principle of Binary Logic. Unlike traditional math, where variables can be any number, Boolean Algebra deals with only two states: 1 (True/High) and 0 (False/Low).

1. The Core Operations

Every digital circuit is built using three fundamental operations. In your VLSI designs, these are mapped directly to physical transistors.

• AND ($\cdot$): The output is high only if all inputs are high.
• OR ($+$): The output is high if at least one input is high.
• NOT ($\overline{A}$): The output is the inverse of the input.

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